How The World Wide Web Works
Chances are that you’ve used the Web, perhaps even a lot. However, you might not have done a lot of thinking about how it works under the covers. In this first section, I’m going to describe the Web at a more theoretical level so that you can understand how it works as a platform.
Web Browsers
A web browser is the program you use to view pages and navigate the World Wide Web. A wide array of web browsers is available for just about every platform you can imagine. Most browsers are freeware or shareware (try before you buy) or have a lenient licensing policy.Microsoft Internet Explorer, for example, is included with Windows and Safari is included with Mac OS X. Mozilla Firefox, Netscape Navigator, and Opera are all available for free. Currently, the most widely used …
Web Servers
To view and browse pages on the Web, all you need is a web browser. To publish pages on the Web, you need a web server.
A web server is the program that runs on a computer and is responsible for replying to web browser requests for files. You need a web server to publish documents on the Web. One point of confusion is that the computer on which a server program runs is also referred to as a server. So, when someone uses …
Uniform Resource Locators
URL is a pointer to some bit of data on the Web, be it a web document, a file available via FTP, a posting on Usenet, or an email address. The URL provides a universal, consistent method for finding and accessing information.
In addition to typing URLs directly into your browser to go to a particular page, you also use URLs when you create a hypertext link within a document to another document. So, any way you look at it, URLs are …
Introduction to HTML
Before we start in the writing web pages. You have to know what HTML can do and what it can’t do.
The World Wide Web is constructed from many millions of individual pages, and those pages are, in general written in Hypertext Markup Language, better known as HTML.
We use it to mark up our text documents so that web browsers know how to display them and define hypertext links within them to provide navigation within or between them.
I thank at least you have worked …
From HTML To XHTML
The Extensible Hypertext Markup Language, or XHTML, is a markup language that has the same depth of expression as HTML, but also conforms to XML syntax.
Every webpage is made with HTML but after 2001 the W3C which the community that determine the standard for the web decided to discontinue HTML and replaced with XHTML, it maybe sound scary but it’s not a big deal, XHTML which is for Extensible Hypertext Markup Language is almost identical to HTML the most deference between …
Inside An HTML File
Pages written in HTML are plain text files (ASCII), which means that they contain no platform- or program-specific information. Any editor that supports text can read them.HTML files contain the following:
Creating Your First HTML Page
Open your text editor and type the following code. You don’t have to understand what any of it means at this point. This simple example is just to get you started.
Intergrate CSS
Cascading style sheets (CSS) is a language that works with HTML documents to define the way content is presented. The presentation is specified with styles that are placed directly into HTML elements, the head of HTML documents, or separate style sheets.
Structuring Your HTML
HTML defines three tags that are used to describe the page’s overall structure and provide some simple header information. These three tags<html>, <head>, and <body>identify your page to browsers or HTML tools. They also provide simple information about the page (such as its title or its author) before loading the entire thing. The page structure tags don’t affect what the page looks like when it’s displayed; they’re only there to help tools that interpret or filter HTML files.